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Data Structures 101 Those who took programming courses might remember that there is no such thing as a universal data structure. Some structures are good at accessing elements by index (like arrays), while others shine in terms of insertion efficiency (like linked lists).
Hardware-optimized data structure
However, when we move from theoretical data structures to real-world systems, and particularly in performance-critical areas such as vector search, things become more complex. Big-O notation provides a good abstraction, but it doesn’t account for the realities of modern hardware: cache misses, memory layout, disk I/O, and other low-level considerations that influence actual performance.